Categories

Iterators can be categorized into three primary types, each with its own advantages.

Iterators can be put into three categories according to their capabilities. C++ has forward, bidirectional, and random access iterators. With the forward iterator, we can iterate the container forward, with the bidirectional iterator, in both directions. With the random access iterator, we can directly access an arbitrary element. In particular, this means for the last one, we can use iterator arithmetic and ordering comparisons (e.g.: <). The category of an iterator depends on the type of container used.

The table below is a representation of containers and their iterator categories. The bidirectional iterator includes forward iterator functionalities, and the random access iterator includes the forward and bidirectional iterator functionalities. It and It2 are iterators, n is a natural number.

Iterator category Properties Container
Forward iterator ++It, It++, *It unordered associative container
It == It2, It != It2 std::forward_list
Bidirectional iterator --It, It-- ordered associative container
std::list
Random access iterator It[i] std::array
It+= n, It-= n std::vector
It+n, It-n std::deque
n+It std::string
It-It2
It < It2, It <= It2, It > It2
It >= It2

The iterator categories of the container

The input iterator and the output iterator are special forward iterators: they can read and write their pointed element only once.

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