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Grokking the Coding Interview Patterns in Go

Solution: Remove Duplicate Letters

Explore how to remove duplicate letters from a string to create the smallest lexicographical result using a stack-based greedy algorithm. Understand frequency tracking, character visitation management, and stack operations to efficiently solve this common string problem while balancing time and space complexity.

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Statement

You are given a string, s, consisting only of lowercase English letters. Your task is to remove duplicate letters so that:

  1. Each letter appears only once in the resulting string.

  2. The resulting string is the smallest in lexicographical order among all possible results that satisfy the above condition.

Return the final string.

A string, a, is considered lexicographically smaller than string b if:

  • In the first position where they differ, the character in a appears earlier in the alphabet than in b.

  • If a is a ...