How to do arithmetic operations in PostgreSQL
PostgreSQL provides many mathematical operators for common mathematical conventions. The bitwise operators can be used only with the integer data types.
Various arithmetic operations which can be done on PostgreSQL table
Operators | Description | Example | Output |
+ | Addition | 5+8 | 13 |
- | Subtraction | 6-9 | -3 |
* | Multiplication | 5*8 | 40 |
/ | Division | 15/3 | 5 |
% | Modulo | 15%2 | 1 |
^ | Raied To | 4^2 | 16 |
|/ | Square Root | |/16 | 4 |
! | Factorial | !6 | 720 |
@ | Absolute Value | @-15.07 | 15.07 |
Consider the basic table below. If we want to add an integer value to the marks table, the below command can be used.
Please note, arithmetic operations can only be done on integer columns.
Addition
| id | student_name | marks |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ryan | 52 |
| 2 | Joanna | 89 |
| 3 | Casey | 41 |
| 4 | Emmett | 37 |
| 5 | Andy | 75 |
Syntax
SELECT id, name, marks, marks + 100AS "marks+50" FROM students;
| id | student_name | marks | marks+100 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ryan | 52 | 152 |
| 2 | Joanna | 89 | 189 |
| 3 | Casey | 41 | 141 |
| 4 | Emmett | 37 | 137 |
| 5 | Andy | 75 | 175 |
Here, we have added 100 to each student’s marks, i.e, performed the addition operation on a single column.
Let’s perform the addition of 2 columns:
SELECT id, name, marks, marks + idAS "marks+id" FROM students;
| id | student_name | marks | marks+id |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ryan | 52 | 53 |
| 2 | Joanna | 89 | 91 |
| 3 | Casey | 41 | 44 |
| 4 | Emmett | 37 | 41 |
| 5 | Andy | 75 | 80 |
Let’s consider a case where we want to do a conditional arithmetic operation
Here, we are multiplying 10, whose marks are more than 50:
SELECT id, name, marks, marks +10AS "cond_marks+10" FROM students where marks>50;
| id | student_name | marks | cond_marks+10 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ryan | 52 | 62 |
| 2 | Lucy | 89 | 99 |
| 5 | Robert | 75 | 85 |
Subtraction
Here, we are subtracting the marks column by 15:
SELECT id, name, marks, marks -15AS "marks-15" FROM Students;
| id | student_name | marks | marks-15 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ryan | 52 | 37 |
| 2 | Lucy | 89 | 74 |
| 3 | Frank | 41 | 26 |
| 4 | Jane | 37 | 22 |
| 5 | Robert | 75 | 60 |
Multiplication
Here, we are multiplying the marks column by 12:
SELECT id, name, marks, marks *12AS "marks*12" FROM Students;
| id | student_name | marks | marks*12 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ryan | 52 | 624 |
| 2 | Lucy | 89 | 1068 |
| 3 | Frank | 41 | 492 |
| 4 | Jane | 37 | 444 |
| 5 | Robert | 75 | 900 |
Division
Here, we are dividing the marks column by 3:
SELECT id, name, marks, marks /3AS "marks/3" FROM Students;
| id | student_name | marks | marks/3 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ryan | 52 | 17 |
| 2 | Lucy | 89 | 29 |
| 3 | Frank | 41 | 13 |
| 4 | Jane | 37 | 12 |
| 5 | Robert | 75 | 25 |
In a similar way, various arithmetic operations can be done to get the desired output.
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Malhar Lakdawala