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# What are the different types of network delay?

Network delay refers to the amount of time it takes for a packet to go from point A to point B. If Point A is the source and point B is the destination, then the delay is called an end to end delay.

The types of delays encountered in a packet-switched network are:

• Propagation delay

• Transmission delay

• Queuing delay

• Processing delay

## Propogation delay

Propagation delay is the time that it takes for a bit to reach from one end of a link to the other. The delay depends on the distance ($D$) between the sender and the receiver, and the propagation speed ($S$) of the wave signal. It is calculated as:

$\frac{D}{S}$

## Transmission delay

Transmission delay refers to the time it takes to transmit a data packet onto the outgoing link. The delay is determined by the size of the packet and the capacity of the outgoing link. If a packet consists of $L$ bits and the link has a capacity of $B$ bits per second, then the transmission delay is equal to:

$\frac{L}{B}$

## Queuing delay

Queuing delay refers to the time that a packet waits to be processed in the buffer of a switch. The delay is dependent on the arrival rate of the incoming packets, the transmission capacity of the outgoing link, and the nature of the network’s​ traffic.

## Processing delay

Processing delay is the time taken by a switch to process the packet header. The delay depends on the processing speed of the switch.

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