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A Practical Guide to Kubernetes

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Before We Begin

About this Module

How Did We Get Here?

Introduction A Short History of Infrastructure Management A Short History of Deployment Processes The Schedulers What is Kubernetes?

Pods

Getting Started with Pods A Quick and Dirty Way to Run Pods Defining Pods through Declarative Syntax Components and Stages involved in a Pod's Scheduling Playing Around with the Running Pod Running Multiple Containers in a Single Pod Single vs. Multi-Container Pods Monitoring Health Quiz yourself on Pods What's Next?

ReplicaSets

Getting Started with ReplicaSets Creating ReplicaSets Sequential Breakdown of the Process Operating ReplicaSets Quiz yourself on Replicasets What's Next?

Services

Getting Started with Communication Creating Services by Exposing Ports Sequential Breakdown of the Process Creating Services through Declarative Syntax Splitting the Pod and Establishing Communication through Services Creating the Split API Pods Defining Multiple Objects in the Same YAML file Discovering Services Comparison with Docker Swarm Quick Quiz!What's Next?

Deployments

Getting Started with Deploying Releases Deploying New Releases Sequential Breakdown of the Process Updating Deployments Defining a Zero-Downtime Deployment Creating a Zero-Downtime Deployment Rolling Back or Rolling Forward?Playing around with the Deployment Rolling Back Failed Deployments Merging Everything into the Same YAML Definition Updating Multiple Objects Scaling Deployments Comparison with Docker Swarm Quick Quiz!What's Next?

Ingress

Getting Started with Ingress Why Services Are Not the Best Fit for External Access?Enabling Ingress Controllers Creating Ingress Resources Based on Paths Sequential Breakdown of the Process Creating Ingress Resources Based on Domains Creating an Ingress Resource with Default Backend Comparison with Docker Swarm Quick Quiz!What's Next?

Volumes

Getting Started with Volumes Accessing Host’s Resources through hostPath Volumes Running the Pod after mounting hostPath Using hostPath Volume Type to Inject Configuration Files Working with the New Prometheus Configuration Non-Persisting State Persisting State through the emptyDir Volume Type Quick Quiz!What's Next?

ConfigMaps

Getting Started with ConfigMaps Injecting Configuration from a Single File Injecting Configurations from Multiple Files Injecting Configurations from Key/Value Literals Injecting Configurations from Environment Files Converting ConfigMap Output into Environment Variables Defining ConfigMaps as YAML A Plea NOT to Use ConfigMaps!Comparison with Docker Swarm Quick Quiz!What's Next?

Secrets

Getting Started with Secrets Exploring Built-In Secrets Creating Generic Secrets Mounting Generic Secrets Secrets Compared to ConfigMaps Not so Secretive Secrets Comparison with Docker Swarm Quick Quiz!What's Next?

Namespaces

Getting Started with Cluster Division Deploying the First Release Exploring Virtual Clusters Exploring the Existing Namespaces Creating a New Namespace Deploying to a New Namespace Communicating between Namespaces Deleting a Namespace and All Its Objects Comparison with Docker Swarm Quick Quiz!What's Next?

Securing Kubernetes Clusters

Getting Started with Security Accessing Kubernetes API Authorizing Requests and Creating a Cluster Creating Users to Access the Cluster Accessing the Cluster as a User Exploring RBAC Authorization Peeking into Pre-Defined Cluster Roles Creating Role Bindings Creating Cluster Role Bindings Combining Role Bindings with Namespaces Granting Access as a Release Manager Replacing Users With Groups Comparison with Docker Swarm Quick Quiz!What's Next?

Managing Resources

Getting Started with Managing Resources Defining Container Memory and CPU Resources Getting Practical with Container Memory and CPU Resources Measuring the Actual Memory and CPU Consumption Allocating Insufficient Resource than the Actual Usage Allocating Excessive Resource than the Actual Usage Adjusting Resources Based on Actual Usage Exploring Quality of Service (QoS) Contracts Examining QoS in Action Defining Resource Defaults and Limitations within a Namespace The Mismatch Scenario Defining Resource Quotas for a Namespace Exploring the Effects by Violating Quotas Exploring the Types of Quotas Comparison with Docker Swarm Quiz yourself on Managing Resources What's Next?

Creating A Production-Ready Kubernetes Cluster

Getting Started with Production-Ready Clusters

Kubernetes Operations (kops) Project

Preparing for the Cluster Setup: AWS CLI and Region

Preparing for the Cluster Setup: IAM Group and User

Preparing for the Cluster Setup: Availability Zones and SSH Keys

Creating a Cluster: Creating S3 Bucket and Installing kops

Creating a Cluster: Discussing the Specifications

Creating a Cluster: Running and Verification

Exploring the Components That Constitute the Cluster

Updating the Cluster

Sequential Breakdown and Verification of the Update Process

Upgrading the Cluster Manually: Changing the Kubernetes Version

Exploring and Verifying the Output

Upgrading the Cluster Automatically

Accessing the Cluster: Understanding the Protocol

Accessing the Cluster: Adding the Load Balancer

Deploying Applications

Exploring the High-Availability and Fault-Tolerance

Giving Others Access to the Cluster

Destroying the Cluster

Comparison with Docker Swarm

Persisting State

Getting Started with State Persistence Deploying Stateful Applications without Persisting State Analyzing Failure of the Stateful Application Creating AWS Volumes Creating Kubernetes Persistent Volumes Claiming Persistent Volumes Creating Deployment for Attaching Claimed Volumes to Pods Verifying the State Persistence and Exploring the Failures Removing the Resources and Exploring the Effects Using Storage Classes to Dynamically Provision Persistent Volumes Using Default Storage Classes Defining Storage Classes Creating Storage Classes Quick Quiz!

Appendix: Running a Kubernetes Cluster Locally

Exploring the Options Installing kubectl Installing Minikube Creating a Local Kubernetes Cluster with Minikube Exploring Minikube Commands

Conclusion

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Quick Quiz!

Quick Quiz!

Let's test our understanding of this chapter with the help of a quiz.

Technical Quiz

1.

How many master nodes should be there at minimum in a Kubernetes cluster to have a fault-tolerant operation?

A.

Any even number

B.

Any odd number greater than one

C.

Any even number greater than two

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