How to pass messages to transfer data between threads

Overview

In Rust, we can achieve the safe passing of messages between threads using a channel. A channel is a communication medium that transmits a message between two halves—a transmitter and a receiver. The transmitter end sends a message, while the receiver end is constantly scanning for messages from the transmission end. When the receiver receives a message, it forwards it to the thread that is using the receiver end. Let's explore a program example for a better understanding of this.

Example

use std::sync::mpsc;
use std::thread;
use std::time::Duration;
//Declaring a function with the name of myfunc
fn myfunc(){
    let (tx, rx) = mpsc::channel();
    let tx1 = tx.clone();
    let vals1 = vec![
            String::from("Thread 1:Hi "),
            String::from("Thread 1:Thread 2 ?"),
            ];
// Created Thread 1
    thread::spawn(move || {
        
        for val in vals1 {
            tx1.send(val).unwrap();
            thread::sleep(Duration::from_secs(1));
        }
    });
    
    let vals2 = vec![
            String::from("Thread 2:Hi"),
            String::from("Thread 2: Yes"),
            
        ];
//Created thread 2 
    thread::spawn(move || {
        
        for val in vals2 {
            tx.send(val).unwrap();
            thread::sleep(Duration::from_secs(1));
        }
    });
    // use loop to get all the messages from threads
    for received in rx {
        println!("Get: {}", received);
    }
}
fn main() {
    //call the myfunc function
    myfunc();
}

Explanation

Lines 5–13: We declare a function, myfunc. After declaring the function, we declare tx and rx which will be used as a channel for communication. We also declare a vals1 variable that stores messages.
Lines 15–21: We declare a thread using thread::spawn. We use the vals1 variable as a message of the first thread.
Lines 23–28: We declare a new variable, vals2. This stores the vector that will be used as a message of the second thread.
Lines 30–37: We declare a second thread in which we use the vals2 values as messages.
Lines 39–41: We use a for loop to get all the messages from the thread.
Line 46: At the end, we call the myfunc function for communication.

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