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Introduction to syntax in R
Onyejiaku Theophilus ChidaluOverview
R is a programming language used for statistical analysis, graphical presentation, and reporting. It also helps with data cleaning, analysis, and visualization.
Number output in R
In R, we type the number without a quote to return a number as an output.
Example
# to print 5 5 # to print 2.5 2.5 # to print -20 -20 # to print some other numbers 10 -1.5
Text output in R
In R, we use single or double quotes to return a text as an output.
Example
'Hello World' "Hello World"
Calculations in R
To perform calculations in R, we type the numbers together with the mathematical operator sign.
Example
# Addition 10 + 5 # Subtraction 10 - 5 # Multiplication 10 * 5 # Division 10 / 5 # Modulo 10 %% 5 # Exponentiation 10 ^ 5
Print in R
R does not require the print function to return an output of a code. It has the print() function if we wish to use it. We use the print() function only when we’re working with for loops.
Example
"Hello world"
'Hello World'
print('Hello World')
# using a for loop
for (x in 1:5) {
print(x)
}Note: Using the
print()function is only compulsory withforloop. This is because the code is inside curly braces{}.
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