We can use the **`div()`** function to calculate the integral quotient and remainder of the division of two numbers. 


where,
* `quotient(x / y) = floor(x / y)`
* `remainder(x / y) = x % y`
> % represents the modulus operator.

Mathematically, the quotient `Q` and remainder `R` of the division `x/y` can be represented as:

# Library
To use the `div()` function, include the following library:
```C
#include <cstdlib>
```

# Declaration
The `div()` function is declared as:
```C
div_t div(int x, int y);
```
Or:
```C
ldiv_t div(long x, long y);
```
Or:
```C
lldiv_t div(long long x, long long y);
```
* `x`: The numerator of the division.
* `y`: The denominator of the division.

# Return value
The `div()` function returns a *struct* data structure of type `div_t`, `ldiv_t`, or `lldiv_t` that contains the quotient and remainder of the division. The quotient and the remainder can be accessed as shown below:
```C
div_t div1 = div(x, y);
quotient = div1.quot;
remainder = div1.rem;
```

> Note: If denominator `y` is `0`, a floating-point exception is thrown.

# Code
## Example 1
Consider the code snippet below, which demonstrates the use of the `div()` function:

#include <cstdlib>
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main() {
  div_t div1 = div(19, 3);

	cout << "Quotient(19/3) = " << div1.quot << endl;
	cout << "Remainder(19/3) = " << div1.rem << endl;
  
  return 0;
}

## Explanation
We use the `div()` function in *line 6* to compute the quotient and remainder of two numbers. The return value of `div()` is assigned to a `div_t` type variable that is named `div1`. The quotient and remainder of the division can be accessed using `div1.quot` and `div1.rem`, respectively.

## Example 2
Consider the code snippet below, which demonstrates the execution of the `div()` function when the denominator is `0`:

#include <cstdlib>
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main() {
  div_t div1 = div(19, 0);

	cout << "Quotient(19/0) = " << div1.quot << endl;
	cout << "Remainder(19/0) = " << div1.rem << endl;

  return 0;
}

## Explanation
A floating-point exception is thrown because the denominator of the division is `0`.

What is div() in C++?

The div() function in C++ calculates and returns the quotient and remainder of two numbers' division as a struct.