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Valid Sudoku

Understand how to determine the validity of a partially filled Sudoku board by checking all rows, columns, and 3x3 sub-boxes for duplicate digits. Learn to implement efficient data checks using hash maps, helping you master this common coding interview pattern in C++.

Statement

Given a 9 × 9 Sudoku board, determine whether it is valid. A board is considered valid if all of the following conditions hold (considering only the filled cells):

  • Each row contains the digits 1–9 at most once.

  • Each column contains the digits 1–9 at most once.

  • Each of the nine 3 × 3 sub-boxes contains the digits 1–9 at most once.

You do not need to ...