Solution: Rectangle Area

Explore how to calculate the combined area of two rectangles with possible overlap in a 2D plane. Understand computing individual areas, identifying overlaps on both axes, and correctly subtracting overlap to avoid double counting, all in constant time.

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Statement
Solution
- Time complexity
- Space complexity

Statement

You are given the coordinates of two axis-aligned rectangles in a 2D plane. Your task is to calculate the total area covered by both rectangles.

The first rectangle is specified by the coordinates of its bottom-left corner (ax1, ay1) and top-right corner (ay1, ay2).
Similarly, the second rectangle is defined by its bottom-left corner (bx1, by1) and top-right corner (bx2, by2).

Note: The rectangles may overlap.

Constraints:

$-10^4 \leq$ ax1 $\leq$ ax2 $\leq 10^4$ ...