Sum of All Subset XOR Totals

Explore how to compute the sum of XOR totals for every subset of an array. Understand bitwise XOR operations, handle subsets including duplicates, and implement efficient solutions in Python.

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Statement

Given an array of integers, nums, compute and return the sum of XOR totals for all its possible subsets.

A subset is any combination of elements from the original array, nums. This includes the empty subset (containing no elements) and the subset that includes all array elements.
The XOR total of a subset results from applying the XOR operation to all the elements in that subset.

Note: If the nums array has duplicate elements, then subsets that contain the same elements but with different indexes are treated as separate. Each subset’s ...