Delve into the Debian package ecosystem, learn about repositories, package tools, and build packages using the fpm tool, enhancing your deployment skills and integration efficiency.

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Packages are fundamental units of software deployment in Debian and related operating systems. Packaging enables users to deploy your packages using the built-in tools of their operating system.

In this course, you’ll learn about the environment that Debian packages live in, including repositories, package management installation tools, source and binary packages, and the “upstream” concept. Then you’ll learn about the structure and metadata of packages and an efficient way to build Debian packages using the fpm tool. You’ll also learn to use the Debian Build System, including the tools used to create package skeletons and multiple packages from a single code base. You’ll finish with an introduction to repository and package management and integrity.

By the end of this course, you’ll have learned about the Debian package ecosystem and several ways to build and package. This will enable you to seamlessly integrate your packages into existing infrastructure and take your deployment skills to the next level.

Building Debian Packages from the Ground Up

Debian packages contain the installation data as tarballs, and
tar supports storing permissions, group, and ownership information. We
can set these properties for the final package by putting files
with the correct permissions and owner/group into the
`debian/<package-name>` directory.


For example, if we want a file `/usr/share/hello-debian/scores` with permissions
`0664` and group `games`, we could do something like this in our `debian/rules` file:

```s
TO=debian/hello-debian/usr/share/hello-debian/

override_dh_install:
	mkdir -p $(TO)
	touch $(TO)/scores
	chgrp games $(TO)/scores
	chmod 0664 $(TO)/scores
```

Regular users don't have permission to execute `chgrp` to change the
file's group, and requiring root privileges for building a package would be impractical and inelegant.

To make it work nonetheless, a clever tool called [`fakeroot`](http://www.man.he.net/man1/fakeroot) exists.

`dpkg-buildpackage` calls it by default when it's installed, so to enable it, we
just have to add it as a `Build-Depends` in `debian/control`.

### What is `fakeroot`?

`fakeroot` uses the `LD_PRELOAD` hook from the dynamic linker to replace
system calls and standard library calls that set and query file permissions
and group/owner. 

For example, if we want a file `/usr/share/hello-debian/scores` with permissions
`0664` and group `games`, we could do something like this in our `debian/rules` file:

```s
TO=debian/hello-debian/usr/share/hello-debian/

override_dh_install:
	mkdir -p $(TO)
	touch $(TO)/scores
	chgrp games $(TO)/scores
	chmod 0664 $(TO)/scores
```

Regular users don't have permission to execute `chgrp` to change the
file's group, and requiring root privileges for building a package would be impractical and inelegant.

To make it work nonetheless, a clever tool called [`fakeroot`](http://www.man.he.net/man1/fakeroot) exists.

`dpkg-buildpackage` calls it by default when it's installed, so to enable it, we
just have to add it as a `Build-Depends` in `debian/control`.

## What is `fakeroot`?

`fakeroot` uses the `LD_PRELOAD` hook from the dynamic linker to replace
system calls and standard library calls that set and query file permissions
and group/owner. 

Learn to set permissions for files, and use fakeroot to build Debian packages.

Introduction

Debian Packages in Context

What's Inside a Debian Package

Quick Package Construction with fpm

The Debian Build System

Quick Debian Packaging and Multipackage Builds

Repository Management

Conclusion

Appendix

Setting Permissions and fakeroot

Setting permissions