The **`substring()` method** in JavaScript returns a *portion of a string* and is used to get substrings.

There are two variants for `substring()` method implementation in JavaScript. 


# Variant 1

We specify a start index and the returned substring includes​ characters starting from the specified start index of the input string, until the end of the string.
 
```javascript
stringName.substring(var startIndex)
``` 
A visualization​ of this is shown below:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
  <head>
    </head>
<body>

<p>Click to get the substring out of 'edpresso'.</p>
<script>
  function myFunction() {
  var str = "edpresso";
  var substr = str.substring(4);
  document.getElementById("demo").innerHTML = substr;
}
  </script>
<button onclick="myFunction()">Try it</button>
 
<p id="demo"></p>

</body>
</html>



codemirror

console

You can edit the code, written between the `<script>` `</script>`  tags above and see how the output changes. 

# Variant 2
We specify the start index *and* the end index. The returned substring includes characters including and between the specified indexes. The character at the start index is included in the substring, however, the character at the end index is **not**. So, the characters in the extracted substring begin from the *start index* till the *end index-1*.
```javascrpy
stringName.substring(var startIndex, var endIndex)
``` 
A visualization of this is shown below:​

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
  <head>
    </head>
<body>

<p>Click to get the substring out of 'edpresso'.</p>
<script>
  function myFunction() {
  var str = "edpresso";
  var substr = str.substring(2,7);
  document.getElementById("demo").innerHTML = substr;
}
  </script>
<button onclick="myFunction()">Try it</button>

<p id="demo"></p>

</body>
</html>



You can edit the code, written between the `<script>` `</script>`  tags above and see how the output changes.

>**Note:** `substring()` method does not change the original string.
# Application of substrings 
Substring extraction is useful for prefix and suffix extraction. For example, it is helpful in extracting the family name from a name.

How to get a substring in JavaScript

Variant 1

Variant 2

Application of substrings