How to write functions in Rust

Like every other programming language, Rust has its own rules for declaring functions. Some syntax may seem familiar; however, there are some extra things to notice:

1. fn keyword

This keyword is placed before the name of the new function to indicate that a new function is being declared:

fn foo(){
    // Do something.
}

Curly braces {} are used to indicate the function’s body, like most other languages.

2. Type annotations

All the parameters of a Rust function must have their types declared in the function’s signature:

fn foo(a: i8, b: i8){
    // Both 'a' and 'b' are of type i8.
}

3. Return value

The return keyword can be used to return a value inside a function’s body. When this keyword isn’t used, the last expression is implicitly considered to be the return value. If a function returns a value, its return type is specified in the signature using -> after the parentheses ().

Statement vs. Expression

• A statement does not return a value, so it cannot be used to assign a value to another variable. For example, in some languages, we may be allowed to write x = y = 5; but in Rust, let x = (let y = 5) is an invalid statement because the let y = 5 statement does not return a value that can be assigned to x.
• Expressions can be a part of a statement.
• When a semi-colon is written at the end of an expression,​ it turns into a statement and does not return a value.
• {} blocks and function calls are expressions.

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