This module helps you learn C++ programming fundamentals through execution sheets and flowcharts, making it ideal for C++ for beginners and aspiring C++ developers.

Become  a C++ Programmer

C++ is a versatile language known for its efficiency and flexibility, widely used in industries like game development, finance, and system programming. This course dives deep into C++ programming foundations, focusing on practical problem-solving techniques.
You will start by learning basic problem-solving skills using simple programs and execution sheets. Then, you'll explore decision-making, branching, loops, and manipulation of strings and arrays in C++ programming. Finally, the course will cover functions and complex program structures, ensuring a comprehensive grasp of the language's capabilities.
By the end, you will be equipped with problem-solving skills, a solid understanding of C++ basics, and confidence in writing structured code, setting you on the path to becoming a proficient C++ developer.

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# Repetition

The repetition of an instruction or a group of instructions is a commonly encountered phenomenon in programming. It is called a **loop**. As an example, let's say we want our program to perform the following tasks:
* To read a document or data file line by line repeatedly until the end of the file
* To draw an image pixel by pixel, repeatedly using color values that show it on the screen
* To iterate through a collection of variables one by one to process their values
* To compute a result by applying a formula to several values



Let's say we want to display integers from $0$ to $4$. We can simply display the numbers $0$ to $4$ one by one using the `cout <<` statement. We can also use one variable and print its value repeatedly by changing the value of the variable, as shown below. For a better understanding, you can take the AI mentor's help.

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main()
{
    int a;
    a = 0;
    cout << a << endl;
    a = 1;
    cout << a << endl;
    a = 2;
    cout << a << endl;
    a = 3;
    cout << a << endl;
    a = 4;
    cout << a << endl;
    return 0;
}

The code above clearly shows the repetitive use of `cout << a << endl;`. The benefit of using a single variable is that we can convert this repetition into a loop in C++. 


# The counter-controlled loop
The counter-controlled loop is used to generate a sequence of values. This loop has four parts after the `for` keyword  as shown below:
```C++
for (initialization; condition; update)
{
    // body of loop 
}
```
The **initialization** value initializes the counter and is executed only once. The **condition**  value checks the value of the counter at the start of each iteration before entering the body of the loop. If true, the body of the `for` loop is executed and if false, the `for` loop is terminated. The **update** value updates the value of the counter and again checks the condition.
 We use the semicolon (`;`) only at the end of the first two parts and enclose these parts in `(` and `)`. We don't use a semicolon after `)`. The **body of the loop** is a set of statements to be repeated.
> **Note:** If there is only one statement in the body of the loop, the curly braces `{` and `}` are not needed.

The following code demonstrates the same output as the above program in a compact way using the counter-controlled loop.
 

Learn the loops for a fixed number of iterations in C++.

C++ Basics

Loops in C++

C++ Strings and Arrays

Functions in C++

Wrap Up

Repetition

The counter-controlled loop