Tree Breadth-first Search: Introduction

About the pattern

A tree is a graph that contains the following properties:

• It is undirectedA graph with edges that do not have a specific direction assigned to them..

• It is acyclicA graph without cycles..

• It is a connected graph where any two vertices are connected by exactly one path.

• Its nodes can contain values of any data type.

The following key features set trees apart from other data structures, such as arrays or linked lists:

• They organize data in a hierarchical manner with a root node at the top and child nodes branching out from it.

• They are nonlinear, which means that the elements in a tree are not arranged sequentially but rather in a branching structure.

• The time complexity for search and insert operations is typically $O(log n)$ in the case of balanced binary search trees, and $O(n)$ in the case of general or unbalanced trees, where ...