Learn some Python tools and tricks to avoid common mistakes.

Pythonic Style of Programming: Tips and Tricks

When you run code in Python, there’s a lot happening under the hood. This module sheds light on some of the lesser-known parts of Python.

As you progress through it, you’ll learn some tools and tricks that every Python programmer should know to avoid common mistakes. You can think of this module as a “Python hacks” handbook.

Python basics are a prerequisite, but this is a beginner-level course. Each lesson is independent and after the first chapter, you can pick up from any lesson, and you’ll be able to follow along comfortably.

Python FTW: Under the Hood

Let's learn how to correctly use the `is` operator in Python.
<h3>1.</h3>

Can you explain the behavior in the code below?



>>> a = 256
>>> b = 256
>>> a is b
True        # output

>>> a = 257
>>> b = 257
>>> a is b
False       # output

<h3>2.</h3>
Let's try a similar thing with data structures.

a = []
b = []
print(a is b)

a = tuple()
b = tuple()
print(a is b)

<h3>3.</h3>

Let's observe the behavior in Python 3.8 versus Python 3.7.

> ⚠️ The following code is meant for **Python 3.8** specifically.

# using Python 3.8

a, b = 257, 257
print(a is b)

python3.8

> ⚠️ The following code is meant for **Python 3.7** specifically.

# using Python 3.7

a, b = 257, 257
print(a is b)

python3.7

<h1> Explanation </h1>

**The difference between `is` and `==` operators**

* The `is` operator checks if both the operands refer to the same object (i.e., it checks if the identity of the operands matches or not).
* The `==` operator compares the values of both the operands and checks if they are the same.
* So, `is` is for reference equality, and `==` is for value equality. An example to clear things up:



Let's learn how to correctly use the `is` operator in Python.
# 1.

Can you explain the behavior in the code below?



# 2.
Let's try a similar thing with data structures.

# 3.

Let's observe the behavior in Python 3.8 versus Python 3.7.

> ⚠️ The following code is meant for **Python 3.8** specifically.

# Explanation

**The difference between `is` and `==` operators**

* The `is` operator checks if both the operands refer to the same object (i.e., it checks if the identity of the operands matches or not).
* The `==` operator compares the values of both the operands and checks if they are the same.
* So, `is` is for reference equality, and `==` is for value equality. An example to clear things up:



Introduction

Slippery Slopes

Strain Your Brain!

Appearances Are Deceptive!

The Hidden Treasures!

Miscellaneous

Conclusion

How Not to Use the "is" Operator

1.

2.

3.

Explanation