Learn the fundamentals of PHP from structural programming to object-oriented techniques.

Web Development with PHP

This highly interactive module introduces us to fundamental programming concepts in PHP—one of the most popular languages in the world. It begins with a simple “Hello, World!” program and proceeds to cover common concepts such as conditional statements, loop statements, and logic in PHP. It then reflects upon the idea of functions and arrays, as well as the power they give to the programmer to write better code.

Finally, it dives deeper into advanced concepts such as classes, inheritance, and exception handling in PHP. By the time we're done, we’ll have a good grip on the basics of PHP and will be ready to study advanced concepts.

Learn PHP from Scratch

## Precedence

Operator precedence determines which operator is performed first in an expression with more than one operators. Operator precedence in PHP is similar to that of regular arithmetic operators. 

* `*`, `/`, `%` operators have **equal** precedence.
* `+` , `-` operators have **equal** precedence.
* `*`, `/` , `%` have a **higher** precedence than `+` , `-`.

The operator with higher precedence is executed first in the expression.

## Associativity 
**Associativity** is used when two operators of the same precedence appear in an expression. 

### Left Associativity
Left associativity occurs when an expression is evaluated from left to right. For example `*` and `/` have the same precedence and their associativity is left to right, so the expression 
```php
100 / 10 * 10 
```
is treated as: 
```php
(100 / 10) * 10
```
### Right Associativity
Right associativity occurs when an expression is evaluated from right to left. Like most programming languages, `=` and `print` in PHP have right associativity.

Run the following code to see a few examples:

# Precedence

Operator precedence determines which operator is performed first in an expression with more than one operators. Operator precedence in PHP is similar to that of regular arithmetic operators. 

* `*`, `/`, `%` operators have **equal** precedence.
* `+` , `-` operators have **equal** precedence.
* `*`, `/` , `%` have a **higher** precedence than `+` , `-`.

The operator with higher precedence is executed first in the expression.

# Associativity 
**Associativity** is used when two operators of the same precedence appear in an expression. 

## Left Associativity
Left associativity occurs when an expression is evaluated from left to right. For example `*` and `/` have the same precedence and their associativity is left to right, so the expression 
```php
100 / 10 * 10 
```
is treated as: 
```php
(100 / 10) * 10
```
## Right Associativity
Right associativity occurs when an expression is evaluated from right to left. Like most programming languages, `=` and `print` in PHP have right associativity.

Run the following code to see a few examples:

This lesson discusses two important characteristics of arithmetic operators, i.e., precedence and associativity. 

Getting Started

Variables

Operators

Conditional Statements

Loops

Functions

Strings

Arrays

PHP Assessment 1

Classes and Inheritance

Exception Handling

PHP Assessment 2

Conclusion

Precedence and Associativity

Precedence #

Associativity #

Left Associativity #