Bash Programming

Bash, a powerful programming language, is perfectly designed for command line and shell scripts. In this module, we’ll learn how to use Bash. Its features will help us solve our daily computer tasks and even automate some of them.

This module covers the general principles of computing operations and basic programming concepts in detail. It will also help us consolidate our new knowledge through exercises for each topic. Overall, this experience should be a great start to our Bash programming journey.

Basic Programming with Bash

## Exercise

Perform bitwise AND, OR, and XOR for the following unsigned two-byte integers:

* 1122 and 908
* 49608 and 33036


## Solution

Let's calculate bitwise AND, OR, and XOR respectively for unsigned two-byte integers. Here are the results:

```txt
1122 & 908 = 0000 0100 0110 0010 & 0000 0011 1000 1100 = 0000 0000 000 0000 = 0

1122 | 908 = 0000 0100 0110 0010 | 0000 0011 1000 1100 = 0000 0111 1110 1110 = 2030

1122 ^ 908 = 0000 0100 0110 0010 ^ 0000 0011 1000 1100 = 0000 0111 1110 1110 = 2030
```
```txt
49608 & 33036 = 1100 0001 1100 1000 & 1000 0001 0000 1100 = 1000 0001 0000 1000 =
33032

49608 | 33036 = 1100 0001 1100 1000 | 1000 0001 0000 1100 = 1100 0001 1100 1100 =
49612

49608 ^ 33036 = 1100 0001 1100 1000 ^ 1000 0001 0000 1100 = 0100 0000 1100 0100 =
16580
```


# Exercise

Perform bitwise AND, OR, and XOR for the following unsigned two-byte integers:

* 1122 and 908
* 49608 and 33036


# Solution

Let's calculate bitwise AND, OR, and XOR respectively for unsigned two-byte integers. Here are the results:

```txt
1122 & 908 = 0000 0100 0110 0010 & 0000 0011 1000 1100 = 0000 0000 000 0000 = 0

1122 | 908 = 0000 0100 0110 0010 | 0000 0011 1000 1100 = 0000 0111 1110 1110 = 2030

1122 ^ 908 = 0000 0100 0110 0010 ^ 0000 0011 1000 1100 = 0000 0111 1110 1110 = 2030
```
```txt
49608 & 33036 = 1100 0001 1100 1000 & 1000 0001 0000 1100 = 1000 0001 0000 1000 =
33032

49608 | 33036 = 1100 0001 1100 1000 | 1000 0001 0000 1100 = 1100 0001 1100 1100 =
49612

49608 ^ 33036 = 1100 0001 1100 1000 ^ 1000 0001 0000 1100 = 0100 0000 1100 0100 =
16580
```


Practice the bitwise AND, OR, and XOR operations on your own.

Before We Begin

File System

Command Information

Bash Extra Features

Scripts Features

Variables and Parameters

Conditional Statements

Arithmetic Expressions and Operations

Bitwise Operations

Logical Operations and Increments

Loop Operators

Functions

Package Manager

Bash Programming from Scratch

Bash Scripts Tools

APPENDIX

Conclusion

Exercise: Bitwise AND, OR, and XOR

Exercise

Solution