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Grokking the Frontend System Design Interview*
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1.
Introduction to Frontend System Design
More Than Just Pixels
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The Restaurant Analogy
Evolution: The Static Era
Evolution: The Dynamic Era
Evolution: The System Era
The Iceberg Model
Key Pillars for Frontend System Design
Pillar 1: Modularity
Pillar 2: State Management
Pillar 3: Performance
Pillar 4: API Integration
Case Study: Instagram
Case Study: Netflix
Architect or Coder?
2.
Nonfunctional Requirements
The Hidden Half of System Design
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How a Page Actually Loads
Time to First Byte (TTFB)
First Contentful Paint (FCP)
Largest Contentful Paint (LCP)
Accessibility is Usability
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Compatibility Check
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The Layout Breakers
Code That Lasts
The Defense Layers
The Safety Net: Testing
The Last Resort: Graceful Failure
Frontend Pillars Recap
3.
Fundamentals of Frontend System Design
The Browser's Black Box
The Rendering Pipeline
1. Building the Blueprints
2. The Render Tree
3. Layout & Paint
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BFC: The Container Concept
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Positioning Masterclass
The Update Problem
Enter the Virtual DOM
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Types of State
Local State
Global & Server State
Frontend Design Recap
4.
Performance and Optimization
Why Fast Networks Feel Slow
Evolution of HTTP
HTTP/1.1: The Single Lane
HTTP/2: Multiplexing
HTTP/3: Speed over UDP
Predicting the User's Next Move
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Offloading to the GPU
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The Heavyweight Champions
Smart Video Streaming
Don't Block the Show
Shaking the Tree
The Main Thread Traffic Jam
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The DOM Explosion
Virtualization: The Magic Trick
The Viewport Window
Recycle and Reuse
Infinite Scroll vs Pagination
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Performance Mastered
5.
API Architecture Styles, Protocols, and Data Formats
The Digital Restaurant
The Standard Courier: HTTP
Opening a Two-Way Line
The Old Way: HTTP
The Real-Time Way: WebSockets
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Style 2: The Custom Order (GraphQL)
Style 3: High Speed (gRPC)
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Visualizing Data Sizes
Scenario Challenge
Communication Recap
6.
Frontend Design Patterns and Architectures
Why Architecture Matters
MVC, MVP, MVVM Basics
How MVC Works
MVVM and Auto Sync
MVP and the Presenter
Choosing a Pattern
MPA vs SPA Feel
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Components as LEGO
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When SPAs Get Huge
Micro-Frontends Idea
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Ways to Get Data In
Short Polling Basics
WebSockets in Practice
SSE: One-Way Updates
Unidirectional vs Two-Way
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Frontend Architecture Map
7.
Security in Frontend System Design
The Fortress Gate
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The Login Flow: Credentials
The Login Flow: Issuance
The Login Flow: Access
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Securing the Pipeline
The Bouncer: CSP
Threat: XSS
Threat: CSRF
Threat: Clickjacking
Defense Strategies
Security Recap
8.
Frontend System Design Framework
Frontend Chaos vs. Control
The REDCAAP Blueprint
RE: Requirements First
D & C: Design & Components
A & A: Architecture & API
P: Performance Optimization
The Right Pattern
Why REDCAAP?
9.
Newsfeed Frontend System Design
The Infinite Stream
Core Capabilities
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The Modular UI
How Infinite Scroll Works
Step 1: The Observer
Step 2: Triggering the Fetch
Step 3: Appending Data
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Choosing the Protocol
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Perceived Performance
Optimization Techniques
Recap
10.
Video Streaming Frontend System Design
The Streaming Challenge
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The Visual Building Blocks
The Hero Component
Content Carousels
The Video Player
Smart Preloading
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The Playback Lifecycle
Fetching Segments
Syncing Progress
Optimization Quiz
Adaptive UI Rendering
Detailed Rendering
Streaming Frontend Recap
11.
Chat Application Frontend System Design
The Illusion of Simplicity
Core Challenges
Anatomy of the UI
Conversation List
Conversation Window
The Toolbar & Settings
The Secure Media Flow
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The Handshake
Pull vs. Push Data
Optimizing Performance
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Multi-Device Sync
The Out-of-Sync State
Smart Fetching
Summary
12.
Conclusion
Frontend Mastery
Pattern 1: Smart Loading
Pattern 2: Adaptive Rendering
Pattern 3: Real-Time Sync
The Big Three Patterns
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Course Recap
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