Twilio provides various endpoints that allow us to build applications that send and receive text messages from a user. Let’s look at some of these endpoints in this lesson.

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Name	Type	Category	Description
`From`	String	Mandatory	The Twilio phone number used to send the message.
`Body`	String	Mandatory	The message we want to send.
`To`	String	Mandatory	The phone number we want to send the message to in the form “%2B [country code] [phone number].” Here, “%2B” is the code for the plus (+) sign.
`StatusCallback`	String	Optional	The URL on which we want to `POST` the status of the message.
`ApplicationSid`	String	Optional	The ID of the application to which we want to `POST` the status of the message.
`MaxPrice`	Float	Optional	The maximum price in US dollars we will pay for the message to be delivered.
`ProvideFeedback`	Boolean	Optional	If set to `true`, we will be notified if the message has been delivered.
`Attempt`	Integer	Optional	The total number of attempts made to send the message.
`ValidityPeriod`	Integer	Optional	The total number of seconds the message can stay in the outgoing queue. After this time has expired, the message is discarded. Minimum value is `1` and maximum is `14400`.
`ScheduleType`	Enum	Optional	Indicates if we want to deliver the message at a specific time. Accepted input is `fixed`.
`SendAt`	String	Optional	The date and time at which the message will be delivered. Given input should be in ISO 8601 format (YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS).

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import fetch from "node-fetch";
//Define the header parameters
const header = {
  'Authorization': 'Basic ' + Buffer.from('{{ACCOUNT_SID}}'+':'+'{{AUTH_TOKEN}}').toString('base64'),
  'Content-Type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded',
};
//Define the endpoint URL
const url = new URL('https://api.twilio.com/2010-04-01/Accounts/{{ACCOUNT_SID}}/Messages.json');
//Define the body parameter
const body = 'Body=Hi there&From={{TWILIO_PHONE_NUMBER}}&To={{YOUR_PHONE_NUMBER}}';
//Setting API call options
const options = {
  method: 'POST',
  headers: header,
  body: body
};
async function SMSEndpoint() {
  try {
    const response = await fetch(url, options);
    // Custom function for printing the API response
    printResponse(response);
  } catch (error) {
    console.log(`Error: ${err}`);
  }
}
SMSEndpoint();

In the code above:

Line 1: We import the required library.
Lines 4–7: We define the header parameter, which includes the access tokens.
Line 10: We define the endpoint URL and provide the ACCOUNT_SID.
Line 13: We define the body parameters and set the message body, source phone number, and destination phone number.
Lines 16–20: We define the options parameters and set the request type as POST.
Lines 22–30: We define the function SMSEndpoint, which calls the endpoint.
Line 32: We call the SMSEndpoint function.

Note: If we receive the error, “Unable to create record: Permission to send an SMS has not been enabled for the region indicated by the ‘To’ number,” we can visit Messaging Geographic Permissions to enable permission for that region.

Response fields

The following table provides attribute details given in the response object.

Name	Type	Description
`body`	String	The message sent.
`num_segments`	String	The number of segments the message is divided into if the message body is too large to fit into one message.
`direction`	Enum	The direction of the message. Possible output is `inbound` for incoming messages, `outbound-api` for messages initiated using an API, `outbound-call` for messages initiated during a phone call, and `outbound-reply` for messages sent as a response to an incoming message.
`from`	String	The phone number from which the message was sent.
`date_updated`	String	The last date the message was updated.
`price`	String	The amount charged for sending the message.
`error_message`	String	The description of the error code, in case the message is not sent.
`uri`	String	The URI of the message, relative to Twilio.
`account_sid`	String	The SID of the account that sent the message.
`num_media`	String	The number of media files attached to the message. Maximum number of files we can attach is 10.
`to`	String	The phone number we sent the message to.
`date_created`	String	The date on which the message was created.
`status`	Enum	The status of the outbound message.
`sid`	String	The ID associated with the message.
`date_sent`	String	The date the message was received by the phone number defined in the `To` field.
`message_service_sid`	String	The SID of the service used. Null in case no service is used.
`error_code`	Integer	The error code in case the message is not delivered.
`price_unit`	String	The currency in which the `price` is set.
`api_version`	String	The version of the Twilio API used.

This URL points to some TwiML (Twilio Markup Language), which tells Twilio what to do next when it receives an incoming SMS message.

We’ll use the following Express application to provide instructions on how to respond to incoming SMS messages. To do this, we need to configure the webhook URL.

Configure the webhook URL

For Twilio to know where to look whenever it receives an SMS message, we need to configure our Twilio phone number to call our webhook URL. We’ll follow the below steps to configure the webhook URL:

Go to the Active Numbers page in our Twilio account dashboard.
Select the Twilio number to send an SMS to.
Scroll down to the “Messaging” section. In the “A MESSAGE COMES IN” section, select “Webhook” and paste in the URL we want to use. For now, we can put the URL that’s found against the “Your app can be found at:” field in the widget at the end of this lesson. We have given this URL separately below:

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Click the “Save” button to update the webhook URL.

Now, we’ll test our implementation. Follow the steps below to see how Twilio responds to incoming SMS messages:

Click the “Run” button in the following widget to start the server.
When we see an output similar to 'Express server listening on port 3000' in the terminal, it means that the server has started.
Send an SMS from our phone number to the Twilio phone number.
After a while, we’ll receive a reply from our Twilio number containing the text we set up in the following widget in line 9.

Custom responses

We discussed how to send replies to incoming SMS messages in the previous section. However, the Twilio number sends the same reply to all incoming messages. We can build custom responses using our application so that the Twilio phone number sends custom responses depending on the text of the incoming message.

We’ve built the custom responses in lines 12–20 in the following widget. Run the application and send 'Hello', 'Bye', or any other custom message we built. We should receive the corresponding custom response from our Twilio number.

const express = require('express');
const bodyParser = require('body-parser');
const { MessagingResponse } = require('twilio').twiml;

const app = express();

app.use(bodyParser.urlencoded({ extended: false }));

app.post('/', (req, res) => {
  const twiml = new MessagingResponse();

  if (req.body.Body == 'Hello') {
    twiml.message('Hi!');
  } else if (req.body.Body == 'Bye') {
    twiml.message('Goodbye');
  } else {
    twiml.message(
      'No Body param match, Twilio sends this in the request to your server.'
    );
  }

  res.type('text/xml').send(twiml.toString());
});

app.listen(3000, () => {
  console.log('Express server listening on port 3000');
});

Custom response to incoming SMS

Introduction

Messages with Twilio

Phone Calls with Twilio

Twilio SDK

APIs Integration in React

Conclusion

Programmable SMS

Send an SMS

Request parameters

Response fields

Respond to an SMS

Configure the webhook URL

Custom responses