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Nth Tribonacci Number

Explore how to compute the nth Tribonacci number by starting from a naive recursive approach and optimizing it using memoization and bottom-up techniques. Understand time and space complexity trade-offs and improve solutions to constant space usage while maintaining efficient run time.

Statement

Tribonacci numbers are a sequence of numbers where each number is the sum of the three preceding numbers. Your task is to find the nthn^{th} Tribonacci number.

The Tribonacci sequence is defined as:

T0=0, T1=1, T2=1T_0 = 0,\space T_1 = 1,\space T_2 = 1, and  Tn=Tn1+Tn2+Tn3, \space T_n = T_{n-1} + T_{n-2} + T_{n-3}, \space
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