System Design Interview: Fast-Track in 48 Hours/

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Design a Code Deployment System - 15 Minute Sprint

Design a Code Deployment System - 15 Minute Sprint

Understand how code moves from development to production, how key strategies and requirements shape a reliable deployment system, and how its high-level and detailed design come together to ensure a robust end-to-end workflow.

We'll cover the following...

What is a code deployment system?

A code deployment system, often referred to as a continuous deployment (CD) pipeline, automates the distribution of software from development to production environments. Its primary objective is to ensure that code changes are released smoothly, efficiently, and safely, minimizing the risk of downtime or defects. This process generally involves several key stages: version control system, continuous integration (CI) to run automated testsAutomatedTests, a build phase to generate artifacts (binaries), staging for final validation, and finally, deployment to production.

Steps involved in the code deployment system
Steps involved in the code deployment system

To ensure reliability, the system supports various deployment strategies, such as Rolling, Blue-Green, and Canary deployments, which dictate how updates are rolled out to users. Designing this system requires a robust architecture capable of handling tasks ranging from compiling code to distributing large binaries across a global network of servers.

Technical Quiz
1.

Question: How do automated tests in the deployment phase differ from those in CI?

A.

Deployment tests run only on developer machines

B.

CI tests are optional, but deployment tests are mandatory

C.

CI tests validate code changes early, while deployment tests validate the full system before release

D.

CI tests focus on performance and load testing

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Now, let’s shift focus to designing a system that can support these strategies and execute the deployment sequence effectively.

Requirements

Below are the functional and non-functional requirements of a code deployment system.

Functional requirements

Here are some essential functional requirements for a code deployment system:

  • Building code: The system should be able to build the code within a designated timeframe, for example, 20 minutes. The compilation process might generate a binary file of several gigabytes.

  • Deploying code: The system should be able to deploy code to many machines in several distinct worldwide regions.

  • Version control integration: The system should be able to integrate with version control systems to fetch the latest code from repositories.

  • Environment configuration: It should allow users to define and manage environment-specific configurations, such as database connections, API endpoints, and other settings.

  • Roll back: The system should facilitate the ability to roll back to previous code versions in case of issues.

  • Deployment monitoring: It should provide monitoring and reporting features to track the progress and success of deployments.

Functional and non-functional requirements of the code deployment system
Functional and non-functional requirements of the code deployment system

Non-functional requirements

The following are some non-functional requirements for a code deployment system:

  • Availability: The code deployment system should aim for high availability to ensure minimal downtime, with redundancy, failover mechanisms, and zero-downtime deployment strategies in place for high reliability.

  • Fault ...