Summary
Discover how to use abstract base classes with the abc module to define class templates and improve code clarity. Learn how operator overloading customizes behavior of Python operators for your classes. Understand duck typing and metaclasses to control class creation and extend built-in types while applying the DRY principle for clean, efficient code.
Recall
Here are some of the key points in this chapter:
- Using abstract base class definitions is a way to create class definitions with placeholders. This is a handy technique, and can be somewhat clearer than using
raise NotImplementedErrorin unimplemented methods. - ABCs and type hints provide ways to create class definitions. An
ABCis a type hint that can help to