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Problem: Search Insert Position

Explore how to implement a binary search algorithm to locate or determine the correct insertion index of a target in a sorted array. Understand the process of halving the search range to achieve O(log n) time complexity and maintain sorted order while handling distinct integer values.

Statement

You are given a sorted array nums consisting of distinct integers, along with an integer target. If target exists in nums, return its index. Otherwise, return the index at which target would need to be inserted to maintain the array’s sorted order.

Your solution must achieve O(logn)O(\log n) runtime complexity.

Constraints:

  • 11 \leq nums.length 104\leq 10^4 ...