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Solution: Sort an Array

Explore how to sort an integer array efficiently using heap sort, achieving O(n log n) time complexity and minimal extra space. Understand building a max heap, swapping elements, and maintaining the heap property to produce a sorted array without relying on built-in sorting functions.

Statement

Given an integer array, nums, sort it in ascending order and return the sorted array.

You must implement the sorting algorithm yourself; do not use any built-in sorting functions. The solution must run in O(nlogn)O(n \log n) time and use the minimum possible extra space.

Constraints:

  • 11 \leq nums.length ...