Gain insights into Python by exploring basic to advanced concepts, including loops, classes, and GUIs with Tkinter. Delve into testing and become a productive Python programmer.

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In this course, you will get a comprehensive overview of Python. You will start by laying the foundation and learning the introductory topics like operators, conditional statements, functions, loops, assignment statements, and more. You will then move onto more advanced topics such as classes and inheritance, iterators, list comprehensions, and dictionaries. Along with this, you will also get to explore the concept of testing and take a look at how GUI applications can be designed using Tkinter, Python's standard GUI library. 

By the time you're done, you'll be able to hit the ground running and be equipped with the tools that will allow you to be productive in Python.

Python 3: From Beginner to Advanced

## Widgets in Tkinter

There are **fifteen types** of widgets in Tkinter, and each has many options, indicated with `option=value`. This lesson will cover only the most common types and options. For more detail, the official [Python docs](https://docs.python.org/3/library/tk.html) for Tkinter is an excellent reference. 

In the following widget example, we will assume that the window is called `top`.

* `fr = Frame(parent, option, ...)`
    * This is a container for widgets. The `parent` may be the top-level window (`top`) or another frame. Some useful options are `bg=color`, the background color (as a color name or hex number), and `bd=n`, the border width in pixels.

* `but = Button(parent, text=string, command=function_name)`
    * This creates a button containing the string that will call the named function when clicked. Parameters cannot be supplied to the function.

* `lab = Label(parent, text=string)`
    * This creates a label that can be displayed but not edited.
    * To change the text, use `lab.configure(text=new_text)`. 

* `ent = Entry(parent, width=n)`
    * This creates a rectangle large enough to display approximately `n` characters, into which the user can type a single line of text. More than `n` characters may be entered, but they may not all be visible.
    * To retrieve the text, call `ent.get()`.

* `txt = Text(parent, width=num_characters, height=num_lines)`
    * This creates a rectangle `num_characters` wide and `num_lines` high, into which the user can type multiple lines of text. Any number of lines may be entered, but only the specified number will be visible.
    * To **retrieve** the text, call `txt.get(1.0, END)`.
    * To **delete** all text, use `txt.delete(1.0, END)`. 
    * To **insert** text, use `txt.insert(END, text`). 

* `var = IntVar()`
    * This defines `var` as an `IntVar` (see `Checkbutton` below).

* `chk = Checkbutton(parent, text=string, variable=var, command=function)`
    * The `var` must be defined with `IntVar()`.
    * This creates a checkbox with the given text.
    * `var.get()` will return 1 if checked and 0 if not checked. 

## Tkinter example

Here is a program for rolling a single die. When executed, the window should appear at the center of your screen. You can exit the program by closing the window.

# Widgets in Tkinter

There are **fifteen types** of widgets in Tkinter, and each has many options, indicated with `option=value`. This lesson will cover only the most common types and options. For more detail, the official [Python docs](https://docs.python.org/3/library/tk.html) for Tkinter is an excellent reference. 

In the following widget example, we will assume that the window is called `top`.

* `fr = Frame(parent, option, ...)`
    * This is a container for widgets. The `parent` may be the top-level window (`top`) or another frame. Some useful options are `bg=color`, the background color (as a color name or hex number), and `bd=n`, the border width in pixels.

* `but = Button(parent, text=string, command=function_name)`
    * This creates a button containing the string that will call the named function when clicked. Parameters cannot be supplied to the function.

* `lab = Label(parent, text=string)`
    * This creates a label that can be displayed but not edited.
    * To change the text, use `lab.configure(text=new_text)`. 

* `ent = Entry(parent, width=n)`
    * This creates a rectangle large enough to display approximately `n` characters, into which the user can type a single line of text. More than `n` characters may be entered, but they may not all be visible.
    * To retrieve the text, call `ent.get()`.

* `txt = Text(parent, width=num_characters, height=num_lines)`
    * This creates a rectangle `num_characters` wide and `num_lines` high, into which the user can type multiple lines of text. Any number of lines may be entered, but only the specified number will be visible.
    * To **retrieve** the text, call `txt.get(1.0, END)`.
    * To **delete** all text, use `txt.delete(1.0, END)`. 
    * To **insert** text, use `txt.insert(END, text`). 

* `var = IntVar()`
    * This defines `var` as an `IntVar` (see `Checkbutton` below).

* `chk = Checkbutton(parent, text=string, variable=var, command=function)`
    * The `var` must be defined with `IntVar()`.
    * This creates a checkbox with the given text.
    * `var.get()` will return 1 if checked and 0 if not checked. 

# Tkinter example

Here is a program for rolling a single die. When executed, the window should appear at the center of your screen. You can exit the program by closing the window.

Learn about the different types of widgets  in Tkinter. 

Introduction

The Absolute Bare Minimum

Better Tools

Classes

Getting Fancy

Testing

Graphical User Interfaces

Modules

Appendix

I Guess We're Doing Python Now Exam

Creating Widgets

Widgets in Tkinter