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The Idea of Orthogonality

Explore the concept of orthogonality in digital signal processing by examining real and complex sinusoids. Understand how orthogonal signals have zero correlation and how this principle applies to frequency components in sampled signals. This lesson helps you grasp a foundational idea critical to analyzing and processing digital signals.

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To understand the idea of orthogonality, we consider both real and complex signals.

Real sinusoids

The figure below shows the continuous-time versions of two sinusoids containing NN samples, one with frequency fs1/Nf_s\cdot 1/N ...