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Problem: Top K Frequent Elements

Explore how to solve the problem of finding the top k frequent elements in an integer array using a min heap and a frequency map. Learn to implement an algorithm with time complexity better than sorting by efficiently maintaining a heap of size k, ensuring optimal performance when k is small compared to the array size.

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Statement

You are given an integer array nums and an integer k. Your task is to find the k elements that appear most frequently in nums. The result may be returned in any order.

Note: As a follow up, try to design an algorithm with time complexity better than O(nlog⁡n)O(n \log n), where nn is the size of the array.

Constraints:

  • 1≤1 \leq nums.length ≤105\leq 10^5

  • −104≤-10^4 \leq ...