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C# is one of the most popular programming languages in the world, and its latest stable version, C# 10, has several new features and updates that make it an excellent choice for a wide variety of applications. Combined with the .NET framework, C# can empower developers to build native applications for all the major consumer operating systems as well as the cloud.

The course starts with an introduction to programming concepts such as conditional statements, loops, arrays, and functions. You’ll explore advanced topics of object-oriented programming (OOP) including classes, inheritance, access, and extensions. Finally, you’ll work with data structures, events, concurrency, testing, and databases.

By the end of this course, you’ll have a working knowledge of not only the C# programming language, but also key ideas of software engineering. You’ll also be prepared to build and deploy native applications with the .NET framework.

Programming Fundamentals: Getting Started with C# and .NET

## Heap and stack

When a variable is declared, a portion of memory is allocated in RAM. This portion of memory contains the variable's ```name```, ```data type```, and ```value```. Depending on the data type, the portion of memory allocated will be either stack or heap memory.

- The **stack** is used to track local variables and the program’s state. 
- The **heap** is used to store data that can be accessed anytime and from anywhere in the program.

Data types are either value or reference types. The most common reference types are ```strings```, ```arrays```, and ```objects``` that are on the heap; everything else is a value type on the stack.

# Heap and stack

When a variable is declared, a portion of memory is allocated in RAM. This portion of memory contains the variable's ```name```, ```data type```, and ```value```. Depending on the data type, the portion of memory allocated will be either stack or heap memory.

- The **stack** is used to track local variables and the program’s state. 
- The **heap** is used to store data that can be accessed anytime and from anywhere in the program.

Data types are either value or reference types. The most common reference types are ```strings```, ```arrays```, and ```objects``` that are on the heap; everything else is a value type on the stack.

Let's discuss memory types provided in C#.

Introduction

C# Basics

Operators

Decisional Statements

Loops (Iterative Statements)

Arrays

Methods

Classes

Data Structures

Delegates and Events

Miscellaneous Topics

Concurrency

LINQ and Databases

Appendix

Memory Types

Heap and stack