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The Java Interview Handbook: 300+ Interview Questions

Generic Types

Explore how Java generic types interact with arrays, including type erasure implications and covariance rules. Learn why generic arrays cause class cast exceptions and how to safely create them using reflection for type safety.

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1.

Explain generic types?

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Java
class Demonstration {
    public static void main( String args[] ) {
      (new Printer<Integer>()).print(Integer.valueOf(555));
      (new Printer<String>()).print("print away");
      (new Printer<Object>()).print(new Demonstration());
        
    }
}
class Printer<T> {
    void print(T t) {
        System.out.println("printing : " + t.toString());
    }
}
1.

What are generic methods?

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1 / 4
Java
class Demonstration {
    public static void main( String args[] ) {
        // Attempt to create a generic array
        // results in a ClassCastException
        String[] array = Demonstration.<String>createArray(5);
    }
    static <T> T[] createArray(int size) {
        T[] array = (T[]) new Object[size];
        return array;
    }
}

The above code fails because on line 5 there is an implicit cast from Object[] to String[]. Let's look at the erasure of the method to better understand the outcome. The rules of erasure tell us to replace the unbounded parameter T with Object.

Erasure of createArray method

    Object[] createArray(int size) {
        Object[] array = (Object[]) new Object[size];
        return array;
    }
...