Java Virtual Machine

The Java Virtual Machine (JVM) serves as a platform-independent abstraction that executes Java bytecode, allowing applications to run consistently across various operating systems. It comprises three main components: the Class Loader Subsystem, which loads and verifies classes; the Runtime Data Area, which includes memory management areas; and the Execution Engine, responsible for executing bytecode via an interpreter, a Just-In-Time (JIT) compiler, and a garbage collector. The JVM can run programs written in multiple languages, referred to as JVM languages, leveraging individual compilers to convert code to bytecode. Notable implementations include Oracle's HotSpot, providing optimized performance for both client and server environments.