Type Inference

Type inference in Java allows the compiler to determine type arguments automatically during method invocations, reducing the need for redundant type specifications. This capability enables concise code, as demonstrated in the example with the `identity` method, where the type argument is inferred instead of explicitly stated. The target type refers to the expected data type based on the context of an expression, exemplified by the expectation in `List<String> stringList = Collections.emptyList()`, where the method call is interpreted to return a specific type based on its context.