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Object-oriented programming is perhaps the dominant development paradigm for leading languages including Java, C#, and Python. The rich class and inheritance framework wasn’t fully implemented in modern PHP until 2015, and best practices for object-oriented programming are still emerging.

This course is an introduction to object-oriented programming in PHP. You’ll start with the basics of the OOP paradigm and get familiar with classes, objects, methods, and properties. You’ll then chain methods and properties using the this keyword before working with access modifiers and magic methods. With these basics down, you’ll take a deep dive into object-oriented programming in PHP, including inheritance, abstraction, polymorphism, and namespaces. After exploring exception handling, you’ll use these object-oriented techniques to build, manage, and edit a PHP database.

By the end of this course, you’ll be prepared to build dynamic server-side applications using object-oriented programming in PHP.

Object-Oriented Programming in PHP

Which keyword can be used to approach class properties and methods from within the class?

Which keyword can be used to approach class properties and methods from within the class?

During the chaining operation, what should the method return?

During the chaining operation, what should the method return?

What is the output of the following code?
```
class Car {
  public $company = "BMW";
  public function sayHello(){
    return "Beep!!! I am a " . this->company;
  } 
}
$bmw = new Car(); 
echo $bmw -> sayHello();
```

What is the output of the following code?
<pre><code>class Car {
 public $company = &quot;BMW&quot;;
 public function sayHello(){
 return &quot;Beep!!! I am a &quot; . this-&gt;company;
 } 
}
$bmw = new Car(); 
echo $bmw -&gt; sayHello();
</code></pre>

```
$tank = $car -> fill(5) -> ride(20) -> fill(5) -> ride(10);
```

```
$tank = $car -> fill(5) -> ride(20) -> fill(5) -> ride(10) -> $this;
```

```
$tank = $car -> fill(5) -> ride(20) -> fill(5) -> ride(10) -> tank;
```


```
class Car { 
  public $tank;
  
  public function fill($float) {
    $this-> tank += $float; 
    return $this;
  }
  // Subtract gallons of fuel from the tank as we ride the car
  public function ride($float) {
    $miles = $float;
    $gallons = $miles/50;
    $this-> tank -= $gallons;
    return $this; 
  }
}
```
Choose the chaining statement for calculating the fuel left in our tank after we do the following operations: 
1. Put in 5 gallons. 
2. Drive 20 miles.
3. Refill with 5 gallons. 
4. Drive 10 miles.


<pre><code>class Car { 
 public $tank;
 
 public function fill($float) {
 $this-&gt; tank += $float; 
 return $this;
 }
 // Subtract gallons of fuel from the tank as we ride the car
 public function ride($float) {
 $miles = $float;
 $gallons = $miles/50;
 $this-&gt; tank -= $gallons;
 return $this; 
 }
}
</code></pre>
Choose the chaining statement for calculating the fuel left in our tank after we do the following operations:
<ol>
<li>Put in 5 gallons.</li>
<li>Drive 20 miles.</li>
<li>Refill with 5 gallons.</li>
<li>Drive 10 miles.</li>
</ol>

`Car is running. Car is stopped. Car is running`.

What is the output of the following code?

```
<?php
class Car { 
 public $tank;
 
 public function run() {
 echo "Car is running."; 
 return $this;
 }
 public function stop() {
 echo "Car is stopped."; 
 return $this;
 }
}
$car1 = new Car();

$car2 = $car1;

$car2 -> run() -> stop() -> run;

?>
```

What is the output of the following code?
<pre><code>&lt;?php
class Car { 
 public $tank;
 
 public function run() {
 echo &quot;Car is running.&quot;; 
 return $this;
 }
 public function stop() {
 echo &quot;Car is stopped.&quot;; 
 return $this;
 }
}
$car1 = new Car();

$car2 = $car1;

$car2 -&gt; run() -&gt; stop() -&gt; run;

?&gt;
</code></pre>

What is the output of the following code?
```
<?php
class Car { 
 public $tank;
 
 public function run() {
 echo "Car is running."; 
 }
 public function stop() {
 echo "Car is stopped."; 
 return $this;
 }
}
$car1 = new Car();

$car1 -> run() -> stop();

?>
```

What is the output of the following code?
<pre><code>&lt;?php
class Car { 
 public $tank;
 
 public function run() {
 echo &quot;Car is running.&quot;; 
 }
 public function stop() {
 echo &quot;Car is stopped.&quot;; 
 return $this;
 }
}
$car1 = new Car();

$car1 -&gt; run() -&gt; stop();

?&gt;
</code></pre>

Let’s practice what we have just learned


Let’s practice what we have just learned

Test your understanding of the $this keyword in PHP.




Quiz: Using the $this Keyword for Chaining Methods and Properties

Test your understanding of the $this keyword in PHP.

Introduction

Classes and Objects

Using the $this Keyword for Chaining Methods and Properties

Access Modifiers

Magic Methods and Constants Unveiled

Inheritance in Object-oriented Programming

Abstract Classes and Interfaces

Polymorphism and Type Hinting

Static Methods & Properties and Traits

Namespaces & Dependency Injection

Exception Handling

PHP Database

Model-view-controller (MVC)

Conclusion

Appendix

Quiz: Using the $this Keyword for Chaining Methods and Properties