The World Wide Web (WWW)

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The history of the World Wide Web

After the internet had been established in the 1980s, Tim Berners-Lee developed the idea and the first implementation of the World Wide Web (WWW) in 1989 at The European Organization for Nuclear Research (also known as CERN) in Geneva, Switzerland. The WWW (or simply “the Web”) is based on the Internet technologies TCP/IP (the Internet Protocol suite) and DNS (the Domain Name System).

Initially, the Web consisted of these three components:

  1. Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)
  2. Hypertext Markup Language (HTML)
  3. Web server programs that act as HTTP servers and web user agents (such as browsers) that act as HTTP clients.

Later, these important technology components were added to this set of basic web technologies:

  • The page/document style language Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) in 1995.
  • The web programming language JavaScript in 1995.
  • The Extensible Markup Language (XML) in 1998.

After the introduction of XML in 1998, the following two XML-based components were added:

  • The Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG) format in 2001.
  • The Resource Description Framework (RDF) for knowledge representation on the Web in 2004.