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Single Threaded Summation: Protection with Atomics

Understand how atomic operations protect single-threaded vector summation and compare their performance with locks. Learn about atomic lock-free behavior, synchronization costs, and how fetch_add differs from += in memory models for efficient summation.

We'll cover the following...

Accordingly, I have the same questions for atomics that I had for locks.

  1. How expensive is the synchronization of an atomic?
  2. How fast can an atomic be if there is no contention?

I have an additional ...