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Creating Long-Lived Web Apps with Ruby on Rails
1.
Prologue
Introduction to Course
2.
Getting Started
Introduction to Sustainability
Assumptions
Opportunity and Carrying Costs
3.
The Rails Application Architecture
Architecture of Our Rails Application and Its Boundaries
Views and Models
Pros and Cons of the Rails Application Architecture
Typographic Conventions
Quiz: The Rails Application Architecture
4.
Start Our App Off Right
Creating a Rails App
Using the Environment for Runtime Configuration
Configuring Local Development Environment with dotenv
Automating Application Setup with the bin/setup Command
Running the Application with the bin/run Command
Putting Tests and Other Quality Checks in the bin/ci command
Improving Production Logging with lograge
Quiz: Start Our App Off Right
5.
Business Logic
Business Logic Makes Our App Special and Complex
Business Logic Is a Magnet for Complexity
Bugs in Commonly-Used Classes Have Wide Effects
Business Logic and Complexity in Critical Classes
Example Design of a Feature
Quiz: Business Logic
6.
Routes and URLs
Use Canonical Routes to Conform Rails’ Defaults
Never Configure Routes That Aren’t Being Used
Vanity URLs Should Redirect to a Canonical Route
Don’t Create Custom Actions, Create More Resources
Use Nested Routes Strategically
Namespacing Might Be an Architecture
Nested Routes Can Organize Content Pages
Quiz: Routes and URLs
7.
HTML Templates
Semantic HTML and Views Using Meaningful Tags
Tags for Styling
Exposure of Variables
Reference Data, Global Context, and UI State Are Exceptions
Reusable Components
Just Use ERB
Quiz: HTML Templates
8.
Helpers
Don’t Conflate Helpers with the Domain
Helpers Are Best at Exposing Global UI State
Define Helpers in As Few Locations as Possible
Presenters, Decorators, and View Models
Problems With Presenters
Use Rails’ APIs to Generate Markup
Helpers Should Be Tested and Testable
Quiz: Helpers
9.
CSS
Adopt a Design System
Adopt a CSS Strategy
A CSS Framework
Object-Oriented CSS
Functional CSS
Create a Living Style Guide to Document Our Design System
Quiz: CSS
10.
Minimize JavaScript
Javascript Is a Serious Liability
Embrace Server-Rendered Rails Views
The Architecture of the Jamstack
Tweak Turbo to Provide a Slightly Better Experience
Quiz: Minimizing JavaScript
11.
Carefully Manage the JavaScript We Need
Embrace Plain JavasScript for Basic Interactions
Carefully Choose One Framework
Ensure System Tests Fail When JavaScript Is Broken
12.
Testing the View
Understand the Value and Cost of Tests
Use :rack_test for Non-JavaScript User Flows
Test Against Default Markup and Content Initially
Cultivate Explicit Diagnostic Tools to Debug Test Failures
Fake the Back-End to Get System Tests Passing
Use data-testid Attributes to Combat Brittle Tests
Test JavaScript Interactions with a Real Browser
Writing a Browser-Driven System Test Case
Quiz: Testing the View
13.
Models I
Active Record Is for Database Access
Creating Some Example Active Records
Model the Database with Active Record’s DSL
Database Operations with Class Methods
Instance Methods Should Implement Domain Concepts from the DB
Active Model Is for Resource Modeling
Quiz: Models I
14.
The Database
Logical and Physical Data Models
Create a Logical Model to Build Consensus
Planning the Physical Model to Enforce Correctness
Use a SQL Schema
Planning the Physical Model
Creating Correct Migrations
Creating the Migration File and Helper Scripts
Iteratively Writing Migration Code to Create the Correct Schema
Writing Tests for Database Constraints
Quiz: The Database
Project
Premium
Build an E-learning Website with Ruby-on-Rails and PostgreSQL
15.
Business Logic Code is a Seam
Business Logic Code Must Reveal Behavior
Explicitly-Named Classes with Explicitly-Named Methods
Return Rich Result Objects, Not Booleans or Active Records
Implementation Patterns We Might Want to Avoid
Quiz: Business Logic Code Is a Seam
16.
Models II
Validations Don’t Provide Data Integrity
Validations Are Awesome for User Experience
How to Use Callbacks
Model Testing Strategies
Create Valid Instances of the Model Using Factory Bot
Quiz: Models II
17.
End-to-End Testing
Example Requirements
Building the UI First
Create Useful Seed Data for Development
Sketch the UI Using Semantic Tags
Provide Basic Polish
Style the Form
Style Error States
Writing a System Test
Sketch Business Logic and Define the Seam
Fully Implement and Test Business Logic
Finished Implementation
Reflecting on What We’ve Built
Quiz: End-to-End Testing
18.
Controllers
Controller Code Is Configuration
Don’t Over-Use Callbacks
Controllers Should Convert Parameters to Richer Types
Don’t Over Test
Implementing a Basic Confidence-Checking System
Quiz: Controllers
19.
Jobs
Overview of the Jobs
Web Workers, Memory, and Network Calls
Background Jobs
Sidekiq Is the Best Job Backend for Most Teams
Queue Jobs Directly
Job Code and Testing Strategies
Jobs Must Be Idempotent
Quiz: Jobs
20.
Other Boundary Classes
Mailers
Rake Tasks
One Task Per File, Namespaces Match Directories
Rake Tasks Should Not Contain Business Logic
Mailboxes, Cables, and Active Storage
Quiz: Other Boundry Classes
21.
Authentication and Authorization beyond Rails
When in Doubt, Use Devise or OmniAuth
Use OmniAuth to Authenticate Using a Third Party
Authorization and Role-Based Access Controls
Use CanCanCan to Implement Role-Based Access
Test Access Controls in System Tests
Quiz: Authentication and Authorization Beyond Rails
Project
Premium
Create a Bill Split Application Using Ruby on Rails
22.
API Endpoints
What and Who Our API Is for
Write APIs the Same Way We Write Other Code
Use the Simplest Authentication System
Use the Simplest Content Type We Can
Just Put the Version in the URL
Use .to_json to Create JSON
Customizing JSON Serialization
Customize JSON in the Models Themselves
Always Use a Top Level Key
Test API Endpoints
Quiz: API Endpoints
23.
Sustainable Process and Workflows
Use Continuous Integration to Deploy
What is CI?
CI Should Be Based on bin/setup and bin/ci
Frequent Dependency Updates
A Versioning Policy
Automate Dependency Updates
Leverage Generators and Templates over Documentation
RubyGems and Railties Can Distribute Configuration
Quiz: Sustainable Processes and Workflows
24.
Operations
Why Observability Matters
Monitor Business Outcomes
Logging Is Powerful
Include a Request ID in All Logs
Log What Something Is and Where It Came From
Manage Unhandled Exceptions
Measure Performance
Managing Secrets, Keys, and Passwords
Quiz: Operations
25.
Conclusion
Final Remarks
26.
Appendices
Software Versions and Sample Code
Setting Up Docker for Local Development
Monoliths, Microservices, and Shared Databases
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Creating Long-Lived Web Apps with Ruby on Rails
Quiz: Testing the View
Test your understanding of the concepts of testing the view.
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