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Grokking the Coding Interview Patterns in C++

Solution: Data Stream as Disjoint Intervals

Understand how to implement a Summary Ranges class that maintains disjoint intervals from a stream of numbers. Learn to handle merges, extensions, and duplicates efficiently, keeping intervals sorted and disjoint to provide a compact summary.

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Statement

You are given a stream of non-negative integers a1,a2,…,ana_1, a_2, \dots, a_n. At any point, you need to summarize all numbers seen so far as a list of disjoint intervals.

Your task is to implement the Summary Ranges class, where:

  • Constructor: Initializes the Summary Ranges object with an empty stream.

  • Add Num(int value): Adds the integer value to the stream.

  • Get Intervals(): Returns the current summary of numbers as a list of disjoint intervals [start_i, end_i], sorted by start_i.

Note: Each number belongs to exactly one interval. Intervals must merge whenever new numbers connect or extend existing ones, and duplicate insertions should not affect the summary.

Constraints:

  • 0≤0 \leq value ≤104\leq 10^4 ...