Solution: Sort Colors
Explore how to apply the two pointers technique to sort an array containing red, white, and blue elements by rearranging them in a single pass. Understand the Dutch National Flag algorithm to efficiently organize colors in place with O(n) time complexity and constant space. This lesson helps you implement a method that places each color in correct order using swaps and pointer adjustments, avoiding extra space or multiple passes.
Statement
Given an array, colors, which contains a combination of the following three elements:
0 (Representing red)
1 (Representing white)
2 (Representing blue)
Sort the array in place so that the elements of the same color are adjacent, and the final order is: red (0), then white (1), and then blue (2).
Note: You are not allowed to use any built-in sorting functions. The goal is to solve this efficiently without extra space.
Constraints:
colors.length...