Solution: Vertical Order Traversal of a Binary Tree
Explore the vertical order traversal of a binary tree by applying breadth-first search techniques. Understand how to visit nodes level by level, use a hash map to group nodes by their column indices, and return node values from left to right and top to bottom. This lesson helps you solve the problem efficiently with an O(n) time complexity.
Statement
Find the vertical order traversal of a binary tree when the root of the binary tree is given. In other words, return the values of the nodes from top to bottom in each column, column by column from left to right. If there is more than one node in the same column and row, return the values from left to right.
Constraints:
- The number of nodes in the tree is in the range
[1, 500]. -
Node.data
Solution
So far, you’ve probably brainstormed some approaches and have an idea of how to solve this problem. Let’s explore some of these approaches and figure out which one to follow based on considerations such as time complexity and any implementation constraints.
Naive approach
The naive approach would be traversing the tree to get the maximum and minimum horizontal distance of the nodes from the root. Once we have these numbers, we can traverse over the tree again for each distance in the range [maximum, minimum] and return the nodes respectively.
The time complexity of the above algorithm is , where ...