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Solution: Sort an Array

Explore how to sort an integer array using heap sort, a greedy algorithm that ensures O(n log n) time complexity with minimal extra space. Understand the algorithm's steps including building a max heap, repeated extraction, and in-place sorting. This lesson helps you implement an efficient sorting solution suitable for coding interviews and optimizations requiring constrained space.

Statement

Given an integer array, nums, sort it in ascending order and return the sorted array.

You must implement the sorting algorithm yourself; do not use any built-in sorting functions. The solution must run in O(nlogn)O(n \log n) time and use the minimum possible extra space.

Constraints:

  • 11 \leq nums.length 103\leq 10^3

  • 103-10^3 \leq nums[i] 103\leq 10^3 ...