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Grokking the Coding Interview Patterns in C#

Solution: Data Stream as Disjoint Intervals

Explore how to implement a Summary Ranges class in C# that manages a stream of integers by maintaining sorted disjoint intervals. Understand how to efficiently add numbers, merge overlapping intervals, and retrieve current intervals to keep the summary compact and organized. This lesson helps you master interval manipulation patterns crucial for coding interviews.

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Statement

You are given a stream of non-negative integers a1,a2,…,ana_1, a_2, \dots, a_n. At any point, you need to summarize all numbers seen so far as a list of disjoint intervals.

Your task is to implement the Summary Ranges class, where:

  • Constructor: Initializes the Summary Ranges object with an empty stream.

  • Add Num(int value): Adds the integer value to the stream.

  • Get Intervals(): Returns the current summary of numbers as a list of disjoint intervals [start_i, end_i], sorted by start_i.

Note: Each number belongs to exactly one interval. Intervals must merge whenever new numbers connect or extend existing ones, and duplicate insertions should not affect the summary.

Constraints:

  • 0≤0 \leq value ≤104\leq 10^4 ...