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Solution: Perfect Squares

Explore an efficient method to determine the least number of perfect squares that sum to a given integer. Learn how to apply the Four-Square and Three-Square theorems along with algorithmic checks to solve this problem quickly without exhaustive searching.

Statement

Given an integer, n, return the least number of perfect square numbers that sum to n.

A perfect square is an integer that is the square of an integer. In other words, it is an integer that is the result of multiplying a whole integer by itself. For example, 11, 44, 99, and 1616 are perfect squares, but 33, 55, and 1111 are not.

Constraints:

  • 11 \leq ...