Solution: Lowest Common Ancestor of a Binary Tree

Explore how to identify the lowest common ancestor of two nodes in a binary tree using depth-first search. Understand the recursive technique, tracking variables, and decision process to implement an efficient solution that navigates the tree while handling node relationships and constraints.

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Statement
Solution

Statement

Given the root node of a binary tree with $n$ nodes, your task is to find the lowest common ancestor of two of its nodes, p and q.

Note: The lowest common ancestor of two nodes, p and q, is defined as the lowest node in the binary tree that has both p and q as descendants.

A node can also be a descendant of itself. For example, if q is a descendant of p, and we know that p is a descendant of itself, then p will be the lowest common ancestor of p and q.

Constraints:

$2 \leq n \leq 500$

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