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Solution: Perfect Squares

Explore how to solve the perfect squares problem by applying mathematical theorems such as the Four-Square and Three-Square theorems. Understand how to efficiently determine the minimum number of perfect squares summing to an integer through logical steps and number theory, enabling you to implement a fast solution without exhaustive searching.

Statement

Given an integer, n, return the least number of perfect square numbers that sum to n.

A perfect square is an integer that is the square of an integer. In other words, it is an integer that is the result of multiplying a whole integer by itself. For example, 11, ...