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The Handbook for Ruby Developers

Modules

Explore the concept of modules in Ruby and how they allow you to include reusable code in classes or other modules. Understand the difference between using modules and inheritance for code sharing, improving your grasp of object-oriented programming principles in Ruby.

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Definition

A module is a chunk of code we can include in a class or in another module:

Ruby
# MyModule contains logic for robot, human, and dog
module MyModule
  attr_accessor :x, :y
  def initialize(options={})
    @x = options[:x] || 0
    @y = options[:y] || 0
  end
  def right
    self.x += 1
  end
  def left
    self.x -= 1
  end
  def up
    self.y += 1
  end
  def down
    self.y -= 1
  end
end
class Robot
  include MyModule
  def label
    '*'
  end
end
class Dog
  include MyModule
  def up
  end
  def left
  end
  def label
    '@'
  end
end
class Human
  include MyModule
  def label
    'H'
  end
end

In ...