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Natural Language Processing with TensorFlow

Defining Operations in TensorFlow

Learn about the different operations in TensorFlow.

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An operation in TensorFlow takes one or more inputs and produces one or more outputs. If we take a look at the TensorFlow API, we’ll see that TensorFlow has a massive collection of operations available. Here, we’ll take a look at a selected few of the myriad TensorFlow operations.

Comparison operations

Comparison operations are useful for comparing two tensors. The following code example includes a few useful comparison operations.

To understand the working of these operations, let’s consider two example tensors, x and y:

Python 3.10.4
# Let's assume the following values for x and y 
# x (2-D tensor) => [[1,2],[3,4]]
# y (2-D tensor) => [[4,3],[3,2]]
x = tf.constant([[1, 2], [3, 4]], dtype = tf.int32) 
y = tf.constant([[4, 3], [3, 2]], dtype = tf.int32)
# Checks if two tensors are equal element-wise and returns a boolean tensor
# x_equal_y => [[False,False],[True,False]]
x_equal_y = tf.equal(x, y, name = None)
# Checks if x is less than y element-wise and returns a boolean tensor 
# x_less_y => [[True,True],[False,False]]
x_less_y = tf.less(x, y, name = None)
# Checks if x is greater or equal than y element-wise and 
#returns a boolean tensor
# x_great_equal_y => [[False,False],[True,True]]
x_great_equal_y = tf.greater_equal(x, y, name = None)
# Selects elements from x and y depending on whether, 
#the condition is satisfied (select elements from x) 
#or the condition failed (select elements from y)
condition = tf.constant([[True, False], [True, False]], dtype = tf.bool)
# x_cond_y => [[1,3],[3,2]]
x_cond_y = tf.where(condition, x, y, name = None)
print('Is X == Y (element-wise)?')
print(x_equal_y.numpy())
print('\nIs X < Y (element-wise)?')
print(x_less_y.numpy())
print('\nIs X >= Y (element-wise)?')
print(x_great_equal_y.numpy())
print('\nX or Y depending on the condition (element-wise)')
print(x_cond_y.numpy())

We have two tensors, x and y, in the code above, which we used to compare element-wise. First, we check if these are equal or not (line 9), then we check if x is less than y (line 13), and finally, if x is greater than or equal to y (line 17). We select elements from tensors x and y based on the corresponding elements of the boolean tensor condition. If the condition is True, it selects the element from x; otherwise, it selects the element from y (lines 20–23).

In the figure below, we show the symbols of the comparison operators:

Comparison operators
Comparison operators

Mathematical operations

TensorFlow allows us to perform math ...