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Grokking the Coding Interview Patterns

Solution: Bulls and Cows

Explore how to implement a hash map solution for the Bulls and Cows number guessing game. Understand how to count digits in correct positions and digits that match but differ in position using a single pass algorithm with O(n) time complexity and constant space.

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Statement

You are playing a number guessing game called “Bulls and Cows” with a friend.

You write down a secret number, and your friend tries to guess it. After each guess, you provide a hint based on the following:

  • Bulls: The number of digits that are in the correct position in the guess.

  • Cows: The number of digits that are in both the secret and the guess but ...