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Solution: Perfect Squares

Understand how to determine the minimum number of perfect square numbers that sum to an integer using the Four-Square and Three-Square theorems. Learn to apply mathematical reasoning to develop an efficient algorithm combining number theory with iteration for optimal problem solving.

Statement

Given an integer, n, return the least number of perfect square numbers that sum to n.

A perfect square is an integer that is the square of an integer. In other words, it is an integer that is the result of multiplying a whole integer by itself. For example, 11, ...