Solution: Sum of All Subset XOR Totals
Explore how to calculate the sum of XOR totals of all subsets in an array by leveraging bitwise OR and left-shift operations. Understand the role of active bits and how each number's contribution scales across subsets, allowing you to optimize what would otherwise be an exponential time problem into a linear time solution.
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Statement
Given an array of integers, nums, compute and return the sum of XOR totals for all its possible subsets.
A subset is any combination of elements from the original array,
nums. This includes the empty subset (containing no elements) and the subset that includes all array elements.The XOR total of a subset results from applying the XOR operation to all the elements in that subset.
Note: If the
numsarray has duplicate elements, then ...